天津機械加工是指通過各種機械對工件的外形尺寸或性能進行改變的過程。

　　機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)兩種分類：冷(leng)熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，一(yi)般在常溫下(xia)不引(yin)起工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學或物相(xiang)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)﹐稱冷(leng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。同樣的(de)(de)(de)，高于(yu)或低于(yu)常溫狀態(tai)而且會(hui)引(yin)起工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學或物相(xiang)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)﹐稱熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。冷(leng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)按加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別可分為(wei)切削加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和壓力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常見(jian)有(you)熱(re)處理﹐煅造﹐鑄造和焊(han)接。

　　那(nei)么(me)，機械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)在面對余量時它們(men)又是怎么(me)處(chu)理的呢？

　　加工余量的大小對加工質量和生產效率均有較大影響。加工余量過大，不僅增加了機械加工的勞動量，降低了生產率，而且增加了材料、工具和電力消耗，提高了加工成本。天津機械加工

　　由毛坯變成成品的過程中，在某加工表面上切除的金屬層的總厚度稱為該表面的加工總余量。每一道工序所切除的金屬層厚度稱為工序間加工余量。對于外圓和孔等旋轉表面而言，加工余量是從直徑上考慮的，故稱為對稱余量（即雙邊余量），即實際所切除的金屬層厚度是直徑上的加工余量之半。平面的加工余量則是單邊余量，它等于實際所切除的金屬層厚度。天津機械加工

　　在工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)留(liu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是為了(le)切除上(shang)(shang)一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序所(suo)留(liu)下來的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)誤差和表(biao)面(mian)(mian)缺陷，如鑄件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)冷硬層、氣孔、夾砂層，鍛件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)氧(yang)化皮、脫(tuo)碳(tan)層、表(biao)面(mian)(mian)裂紋(wen)，切削(xue)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)內應(ying)力(li)層和表(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)等。從而(er)提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)精度(du)和表(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)。

　　其選取原則是在保證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)的前提下，使余量(liang)盡可能小(xiao)(xiao)。一般說來(lai)，越(yue)是精加工(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)序(xu)余量(liang)越(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)。

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